The new Federal Accounting Standard FSBU 4/2023 “Accounting (Financial) Statements” is mandatory for use starting with the accounting statements for 2025 in all commercial organizations in the real sector.

The standard regulates the composition and content of information, the composition of appendices to the balance sheet and the statement of financial results, the composition of appendices to the balance sheet and the statement on the proper use of funds, the composition of interim financial statements, sample forms of financial statements and the conditions for the reliability of financial statements.

The composition of the annual and interim financial statements in accordance with the cl. 5 and 6 of FSBU 4/2023 of a commercial organization includes a balance sheet, a statement of financial results and appendices thereto. The appendices to the balance sheet and the statement of financial results consist of a statement of changes in equity, a statement of cash flows, and notes to the balance sheet and the statement of financial results.

Balance sheet

An idea of the financial position of an economic entity as of the reporting date is provided by the disclosure in the balance sheet of at least the following indicators: intangible assets; fixed assets; investment property; deferred tax assets; financial investments; inventory; long-term assets for sale; value-added tax on acquired assets; accounts receivable; cash and cash equivalents; equity (for commercial organizations)/targeted financing (for non-profit organizations); borrowed funds; accounts payable; deferred tax liabilities; provisions (cl. 9 of the FSBU 4/2023).

In addition to the indicators given in the cl. 9 of the Standard, other indicators may be disclosed considering materiality (for example, indicators of goodwill; intangible exploration assets; tangible exploration assets; capital investments in intangible asset objects; capital investments in non-current assets; rights to use the assets investment in a lease; underbillings; lease liabilities (cl. 10 of the FSBU 4/2023).

Statement of financial results

The statement of financial results should give an idea of the financial results of the activities of an economic entity for the reporting period. The statement of financial results discloses information about all income and expenses of an economic entity (cl. 25 of the FSBU 4/2023).

One of the main changes in the statement of financial results is the indicator of profit (loss) from discontinued operations (less the related corporate income tax). It is disclosed separately from profit (loss) from continuing operations before taxation.

Cl. 28 of FSBU 4/2023 determines the procedure for offset between indicators of other income and other expenses. An offset between these indicators is made if they are related to one (for example, the result from the disposal of non-current assets, the result from the disposal of a capital investment object) or several similar facts of economic life (in particular, exchange rate differences, the result of revaluation of non-current assets included in the income or expenses of the reporting period, the result of impairment of non-current assets and recovery of impairment included in the expenses or income of the reporting period). An exception is when the separate presentation of such income and expenses can affect the decisions of users of financial statements or such presentation is provided for by other standards.

Clause 29 of FSBU 4/2023 contains a list of income and (or) expenses that, taking into account materiality, are disclosed in the statement of financial results or notes. This list includes indicators of income and (or) expenses for the reporting period related to the impairment of inventories and reversal of impairment, impairment of non-current assets and reversal of impairment, revaluation and disposal of non-current assets, settlement of litigation and write-off of provisions.

According to the cl. 30 of FSBU 4/2023, the notes disclose information on the composition of expenses for ordinary activities recognized in the statement of financial results (taking into account changes in the balances of work in progress and finished goods). The information is presented in the context of the relevant elements.

Statement of changes in equity

The sample report presents the result of changes in equity for the reporting period, and not separately the increase and decrease in capital, as in the form.

All changes are reflected in one table, including information on the impact on each component of equity of adjustments to the reflection of the consequences of changes in accounting policies and the correction of significant errors in accounting.

The accumulated revaluation of non-current assets is allocated as an independent component of capital.

Statement of cash flows

In the sample report, a separate line singles out cash flow receipts from current operations in the form of interest on accounts receivable from customers. Apart from that, the composition of the information in the sample corresponds to the composition of the information in the form of the cash flow statement, approved by the Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated 02.07.2010 No. 66n.

Notes

The notes disclose information that is necessary for users of financial statements to make economic decisions, but is not disclosed in the balance sheet, statement of financial results, statement on the planned use of funds, statement of changes in equity, or statement of cash flows (cl. 40 of the FSBU 4/2023).

Cl. 46 of FSBU 4/2023 specifies the list of information disclosed in the Notes.

We will be happy to answer your questions regarding FSBU 4/2023.

On June 5, swilar spoke at the annual Conference for CFOs of the Tax and Financial Reporting Committee of the Russian-German Chamber of Commerce.

Daria Pogodina, CEO of swilar, spoke on the topic that the company constantly monitors — “The current situation with payments to friendly countries.” Conference participants highly appreciated the comprehensive analysis and effective practical recommendations that were given in the report.

The VTP conference became a platform for lively discussions and exchange of experience between CFOs of leading foreign companies, especially regarding the situation with expected tax changes, international payments and financial service management in the context of the economic crisis.

We hereby inform you that Federal Law No. 287-FZ of August 08, 2024 introduced a number of important changes affecting both limited liability companies (OOO) and joint-stock companies (AO). The changes come into effect at different times. In this message, we would like to talk about changes in relation to OOO that will be in effect from September 01, 2024.

From this date, the resolution on the election (appointment) of the sole executive body of the OOO – for example, the general director – will need to be necessarily certified by a notary. Also, when registering such changes in the Unified State Register of Legal Entities, a notary will be the applicant.

Thus, the procedure for changing the general director in an OOO has been significantly changed. Previously, participants could make such a resolution without a notary (if an alternative procedure was stipulated in the articles of association), and then the new director would sign the application for registration himself. Now the participants or their representatives will be required to be present at the Russian notary to make a resolution (with the issuance of the appropriate certificate), after which the notary will sign an application sent by him to the registration authority.

For foreign participants in Russian OOO, such changes mean the presence of two options:

• arrival in the Russian Federation and visiting a Russian notary to make a resolution on changing the director of a controlled Russian company;
• issuance of a power of attorney to Russian representatives for carrying out such actions (please note that the power of attorney must be properly legalized and translated into Russian).

At the moment, we are awaiting clarification regarding whether notarization will be mandatory for participants to make resolutions on extending the powers of the general directors of OOO, as well as the beginning of the liquidation of controlled companies.

With regard to the liquidation of an OOO, from September 01, it is legislatively confirmed that the notary submits to the Federal Tax Service (FTS) a notification about the formation of a liquidation commission/appointment of a liquidator. Such a notification is usually sent simultaneously with the message that the legal entity is entering into the process of liquidation. The notification shall be submitted to the Federal Tax Service by the notary who certified the liquidator’s signature on it, no later than the end of the working day on which the notification was signed.

According to another change, from September 01, the list of information on shares in the authorized capital of OOO, which is contained in the Unified State Register of Legal Entities, is being expanded. The Register will contain information about the arrest of the share imposed by the court or enforcement officer. So far, the Unified State Register of Legal Entities includes information on the size, nominal value of shares and shareholders.

In the future, we will inform you about other significant changes to corporate legislation introduced by Federal Law No. 287-FZ dated August 08, 2024.

We will be happy to answer your questions and, if necessary, support you in the preparation, signing and submission of relevant documents to the authorized bodies.

We would like to draw your attention to the screening possibilities of foreign counterparties in the Republic of Kazakhstan.

To reduce risks and check the reliability, solvency and security of your foreign counterparty, you should take the following steps:

• Legal check;
• Financial check;
• Check valid licences, if applicable;
• Check other factors such as publicly available information / business reputation: customer reviews, relationships with partners or contractors.

As part of the legal review of an LLP (Limited Liability Partnership or “TOO”), which acts as a separate legal entity based on its own Charter, you should request the following legal documents:

• Charter;
• Memorandum of Association (however, the counterparty may refuse to provide this as the provisions may be confidential);
• Resolution/protocol on the appointment of the directors;
• State registration certificate – certificate of registration. What to check: Consistency of the information in the certificate with other incorporation documents;
• Business Identification Number (BIN) – a unique number created for a legal entity (branch and representative office) and self-employed persons;
• Registration number of the VAT payer’s certificate.

Also pay attention to the company’s legal address for local authorities. It must be specified in the Charter and other documents when registering the LLP and can be either a commercial premises or a private address (e.g. the founder’s flat).

There are following risk factors:

• “mass registration address”;
• mismatch between the legal and actual addresses (when submitting to the tax office), which is especially relevant for VAT payer counterparties.

The charter capital of an LLP must be at least 100 times the monthly calculate on index (MCI) at the time of submitting the formation documents for state registration. Fr om January 1, 2024, the MCI will be 3,692 tenge, i.e. the minimum capital must be 369,700 tenge (approx. RUB 73,000). The charter capital must be fully paid within one year from the date of registration. For small companies (up to 100 employees, income up to 300,000 MCI/year) there is no minimum capital (it can therefore be 0 tenge).

The executive body can be collective (directorate) or individual (director). An LLP can have several directors who act independently of each other (but only natural persons). 

In addition, we would like to draw your attention to the official regime of “suspension of activity” in the Republic of Kazakhstan (the official analogue of “sleep mode” in the Russian Federation). During suspension, a company cannot conduct any profitable activities, but it is not liquidated and can be reinstated. Information on companies whose activities have been suspended can be obtained from the website of the State Revenue Committee of the Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Kazakhstan (SRC).

Further, in case the signatory of the contract is a director acting on the basis of the Charter, you should check the following aspects:

• Timeliness of the authorization (the data in the decision / protocol of appointment should coincide with the data in the state registers);
• Duration of the authorization;
• Existence of possible restrictions (e.g. transactions above a certain amount may require the approval of the participants, this may be specified in the Charter);
• Delimitation of powers if there are several directors.

If the signatory of the contract is acting on the basis of a power of attorney, be sure to request and scrutinize it for:

• The authority of the person issuing the power of attorney. If it is not signed by a director, but by another person based on the power of attorney with the right of overriding power of attorney, you should also request and check the original power of attorney;
• Description of the powers of the person acting on the basis of the power of attorney.

Wh ere to get data (open sources):

• Portal of the Bureau of National Statistics of the Agency for Strategic Planning and Reforms of the Republic Kazakhstan (RK).

Here you can find basic information about the company.

• Portal of the State Revenue Committee of the Ministry of Finance of the RK (www.kgd.gov.kz).

Here you can find:

• Details on suspension / non-suspension of activities;
• Information on the absence (presence) of tax arrears;
• Total amount of taxes paid;
• Presence of the counterparty in the List of unreliable taxpayers;
• Information about being / not being in the process of liquidation.

• Portal of the Supreme Court of the RK, Portal of the Ministry of Justice of the RK.

Here you can find the availability of open and past court cases.

• Public procurement portal.

Here you can see if the counterparty is on the list of unfair participants in public procurement.

• Portal of the Electronic Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan Egov.kz.

Here you can find:

• Information about the registered legal entity as of a given date;
• Details of the latest amendments to the constituent documents;
• Information about participation of the legal entity in other legal entities;
• Information on the presence of branches and representative offices of the legal entity;
• Information on the category of the subject of entrepreneurship;
• Data on encumbrances (seizure) on the legal entity’s share;
• Information on recognition of the legal entity as an inactive legal entity or involvement of its participants in inactive legal entities.

Unfortunately, as in many other jurisdictions, to obtain full data from public official sources, in most cases verification or authorization may be required, which requires a local phone number or IIN / BIN (analogue to the Russian TIN). In this regard, it may be necessary to engage a local partner to carry out a full-fledged verification.

For bigger or more significant deals, of course, the financial condition of the counterparty should be checked. For this purpose, it is necessary to request and analyze financial and tax statements for the last reporting periods:

• Balance sheet,
• Profit and Loss Statement,
• Cash flow statement.

Analyzing the financial statements will help to understand how successful and sustainable the company is, and to identify problems / risk factors.

We would also advise you to look at:

• review of financial ratios,
• analysis of current assets and total debt,
• profit and loss analysis,
• and get information about the bank details of the counterparty in advance – not all banks in Kazakhstan accept and send payments to Russia or do so with restrictions on the type of currency / banks from the Russian Federation.

We will be happy to answer your questions and, if necessary, carry out a counterparty check at your request.

Exclusively for the Russian Business Guide magazine, Daria Pogodina, Managing Director of swilar presented a review article “International payment practices in the current environment”.

You can read the article online in Russian or English, or download two-language article in pdf-format by clicking the “Download en” button below the message.